Civilization- the act or process of civilizing or being civilized: Rome'scivilization of barbaric trib         es was admirable.

Ancient- of or in time long past, especially before the end of the WesternRoman Empire a.d. 476   : ancient history.

ANCIENT CIVILIZATION IN ASIA

•   THE GROWTH OF JAPANESE CIVILIZATION

 

        The original inhabitants of Japan were the Ainus. The Ainu is an ethnic group indigenous to Hokkaido, the northern part of Japan. According to tradition, Jimmu, who founded the Yamato, ascended the throne and became the first emperor of Japan. In time, the emperor of Japan was given the title "Tenno" (Son of Heaven)

  The Nara Period: 

One of the most important influences brought by Korean travelers was Buddhism. The most important convert to Buddhism was Prince Shotoku. It was Shotoku who drew up a plan of government known as The Seventeen Article Constitutions. 

  The Heian Period: 

At this point, Japan started to create its own kind of culture, thus, was known as Japan's Golden Age. Japan's early prose literature were written almost entirely by women. 

•  MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION

 

The Fertile Crescent

          Between the twin rivers of Tigris and Euphrates lies the fertile valley that has the better claim than any other place in the world as the birthplace of civilization. The two rivers carry great volumes of water, cutting deep channel that made irrigation difficult.Mesopotamia or "the land between two rivers" is the name given to its northern part. Its southern part was known as Babylonia and the lowest part was known as Sumer.

1. The Akkadians - Semitic people, they are a group of people who spoke a language related to that if the Hebrew and Arabic. They adopted most of the Sumerian culture.
2. The Babylonian Empire - also of Semitic group, invaded Mesopotamia. The Babylonians were lead by an Amorite ruler named Hammurabi. His most important gift to civilization was his written code of laws which included laws that controlled all aspects of Babylonian life.
3. The Chaldeans - they rebuilt the Babylon
4. The Hittites - they were herdsmen from the northwest of Babylon, they were the first group of people who used iron for weapons, aside from this, their greatest contribution to civilization was their more humane legal system. Under their laws, capital punishment was reserved only for major crimes.
5. The Assyrians - came from the northern portion of Mesopotamia, and built the city-state of Assur. Their exposed farmland made them easy prey to attack. They were known as one of the fiercest, cruelest, most aggressive, and most warlike of all the ancient people.
6. The Phoenicians - given the name "the greatest traders of antiquity", they were the first people who ventured beyond the strait of Gibraltar. The Phoenicians developed an alphabet consisting of 22 consonants.
7. The Persians - bore the name of Persia, known now as Iran. under the Persian rule, subject people enjoyed remarkable freedom, but, in the end, the Persian Empire fell.
8. The Hebrews - contributions of this empire, included the Jewish code of laws, the Ten Commandments and a body of laws called the Mosaic Law, which demanded kindness for slaves and the poor.

• CIVILIZATIONS IN THE INDUS RIVER VALLEY

 

Civilization Emerged on the Indus: 

Unearthed by archaeologists, it was discovered that Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were abandoned apparently after a flood and disappeared so completely that men forgot that they had ever existed

Aryans:

The first people to inherit the legacies of the Indus Valley civilization. They were known to be nomads who came from Iran through northwest India across the Khyber Pass. The blending  of the Indus Valley civilization and that of the Aryans resulted into a unique 

The Mauryan Empire:

Chandragupta Maurya united all the kingdoms on the Ganges and established the Mauryan Empire.

The Indus River and Cities: 

The Indus river flows southwest through Pakistan. Just like Tigris and Euphrates of Mesopotamia, the Indus River overflows and causes flood every year, leaving silts that provide fertile soil for farming.

Environmental Challenges: 

The civilization that emerged along the Indus River faced many challenges unlike the ancient civilization of the Sumerians. Unlike the people of Mesopotamia, the people of Indus Valley have to cope with the cycle of wet and dry seasons brought by the monsoon winds.

BY: MERRYKNOLLE CYRHL R. ACLO 

SCHOOL: LA SALLE ACADEMY I.C

HOMEROOM: 801